문제
Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, 2
is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two ones added together. 12
is written as XII
, which is simply X + II
. The number 27
is written as XXVII
, which is XX + V + II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer.
Example 1:
Input: s = "III"
Output: 3
Explanation: III = 3.
Example 2:
Input: s = "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 3:
Input: s = "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 15
s
contains only the characters('I', 'V', 'X', 'L', 'C', 'D', 'M')
.- It is guaranteed that
s
is a valid roman numeral in the range[1, 3999]
.
https://leetcode.com/problems/roman-to-integer
풀이
40, 90 등 5의 배수에서 빼는 것은 큰 문자 앞에 작은 문자가 오는 것에서 착안하여, 문자열 맨 뒤부터 이전 문자보다 큰 값일 경우 더하고 작은 값일 경우 빼는 형태로 진행했다.
코드
class Solution {
public int romanToInt(String s) {
char[] chars = s.toCharArray();
int result = 0;
int prevNum = 0;
for(int i = chars.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
int curNum = charToInt(chars[i]);
if(curNum >= prevNum) {
result += curNum;
} else {
result -= curNum;
}
prevNum = curNum;
}
return result;
}
public int charToInt(char c) {
int res = 0;
switch (c) {
case 'M':
res = 1000;
break;
case 'D':
res = 500;
break;
case 'C':
res = 100;
break;
case 'L':
res = 50;
break;
case 'X':
res = 10;
break;
case 'V':
res = 5;
break;
case 'I':
res = 1;
break;
}
return res;
}
}
결과
Runtime : 3 ms
Memory Usage : 44.84 MB
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